As of 2008[update], the British Academy Film Awards have taken place at the Royal Opera House. [346], In 2003, a congestion charge was introduced to reduce traffic volumes in the city centre. Some more informal, semi-natural open spaces also exist, including the 320-hectare (790-acre) Hampstead Heath of North London,[406] and Epping Forest, which covers 2,476 hectares (6,118 acres)[407] in the east. [377], There is a variety of annual events, beginning with the relatively new New Year's Day Parade, a fireworks display at the London Eye; the world's second largest street party, the Notting Hill Carnival, is held on the late August Bank Holiday each year. [240] Altogether at the 2011 census, of London's 1,624,768 population aged 0 to 15, 46.4 per cent were White, 19.8 per cent were Asian, 19 per cent were Black, 10.8 per cent were Mixed and 4 per cent represented another ethnic group. [321] London has Britain's busiest station by number of passengers – Waterloo, with over 184 million people using the interchange station complex (which includes Waterloo East station) each year. Londinium was founded by the Romans. Both structures are on the south bank where the River Effra flows into the Thames. [156][157] The London telephone area code (020) covers a larger area, similar in size to Greater London, although some outer districts are excluded and some places just outside are included.
London became the principal North Sea port, with migrants arriving from England and abroad. 19.7 per cent are of full Asian descent, with those of mixed-Asian heritage comprising 1.2 of the population. Nelson's Column is a nationally recognised monument in Trafalgar Square, one of the focal points of central London. London was the world's largest city from c.1831 to 1925,[103] with a population density of 325 people per hectare. [108], Immediately after the War, the 1948 Summer Olympics were held at the original Wembley Stadium, at a time when London was still recovering from the war. One of London's best-known annual sports competitions is the Wimbledon Tennis Championships, held at the All England Club in the south-western suburb of Wimbledon. Ideas for London walks from the Inner London Walking Group, Old Oak and Park Royal Development Corporation, London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority, counties for the purposes of lieutenancies, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, List of tallest buildings and structures in London, List of demolished buildings and structures in London, most populous city and metropolitan area of the European Union, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Richmond, The American International University in London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London College of Contemporary Arts (LCCA), Rambert School of Ballet and Contemporary Dance, Ealing, Hammersmith and West London College. [158], Outward urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt,[159] although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, resulting in a separately defined Greater London Urban Area. Beyond this is the vast London commuter belt. [404], Close to Richmond Park is Kew Gardens which has the world's largest collection of living plants. The West End is London's main entertainment and shopping district, attracting tourists.
London has traditionally been Christian, and has a large number of churches, particularly in the City of London.
[76] London was the focus of the Peasants' Revolt in 1381. [330] There are plans for a second high speed line linking London to the Midlands, North West England, and Yorkshire. Our team takes over everything, from an idea and concept development to realization. ", "What's The Coldest It's Ever Been in London? For many bankers established in Amsterdam (e.g. London is the centre of the National Rail network, with 70 per cent of rail journeys starting or ending in London.
[322][323] Clapham Junction is the busiest station in Europe by the number of trains passing. [83] The Royal Exchange was founded. Church attendance continues on a long, slow, steady decline, according to Church of England statistics.[251].
Many national newspapers are edited in London. Over 7 million residents in 2001", "Focus on London – Population and Migration | London DataStore", "Lists: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", "West End Must Innovate to Renovate, Says Report", "UK's oldest hand-written document 'at Roman London dig, "First 'London Bridge' in River Thames at Vauxhall", "British History Timeline —Roman Britain", "A History of British Architecture — White Tower", "UK Parliament — Parliament: The building", "A List of National Epidemics of Plague in England 1348–1665", "London After the Great Fire: Civil War and Revolution", "National Affairs: Capital punishment: a fading practice", "When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life: Samuel Johnson", "Hidden extras: cholera comes to Victorian London", "Bomb-Damage Maps Reveal London's World War II Devastation", "1951: King George opens Festival of Britain", "Swinging Sixties: Take a walk down Chelsea's King's Road in the '60s", "Timeline – Worst IRA bomb attacks on mainland Britain", "How Britain's history with the IRA made it resilient to attacks", "London's population hits 8.6m record high", "Canary Wharf timeline: from the Thatcher years to Qatari control", "The Thames Barrier has saved London – but is it time for TB2? Writers closely associated with the city are the diarist Samuel Pepys, noted for his eyewitness account of the Great Fire; Charles Dickens, whose representation of a foggy, snowy, grimy London of street sweepers and pickpockets has been a major influence on people's vision of early Victorian London; and Virginia Woolf, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the 20th century. [173][174], In 1974 a decade of work began on the construction of the Thames Barrier across the Thames at Woolwich to deal with this threat. Volume 2, pp. [85], In 1637, the government of Charles I attempted to reform administration in the area of London.
A dead otter was found at The Highway, in Wapping, about a mile from the Tower Bridge, which would suggest that they have begun to move back after being absent a hundred years from the city.
Other significant instruments are at the cathedrals and major churches. As a large city, London has a considerable urban heat island effect,[192] making the centre of London at times 5 °C (9 °F) warmer than the suburbs and outskirts. [27] London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance.
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